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✍️ IELTS Writing – Task 1 & Task 2 · Từ vựng theo kỳ thi · 121 từ

Task 1: xu hướng, so sánh, quy trình, bản đồ · Task 2: lập luận, nguyên nhân – kết quả, giải pháp

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the graph shows /ðə ˈɡrɑːf ʃəʊz/ phrase	biểu đồ cho thấy The graph shows how many tourists visited three cities between 2000 and 2020.
the chart illustrates /ðə ˈtʃɑːt ˈɪləstreɪts/ phrase	biểu đồ minh họa The chart illustrates the proportion of income spent on housing in four countries.
the table compares /ðə ˈteɪbl kəmˈpeəz/ phrase	bảng so sánh The table compares the average working hours of men and women in five sectors.
the diagram depicts /ðə ˈdaɪəɡræm dɪˈpɪkts/ phrase	sơ đồ mô tả The diagram depicts the stages involved in recycling aluminium cans.
it is clear that /ɪt ɪz ˈklɪə ðæt/ phrase	rõ ràng là It is clear that car ownership rose in all three countries over the period.
as can be seen /əz kən biː ˈsiːn/ phrase	như có thể thấy As can be seen from the graph, sales peaked in the summer months.
over the period /ˌəʊvə ðə ˈpɪəriəd/ phrase	trong suốt giai đoạn Coal use fell by almost half over the period shown.
a striking feature /ə ˌstraɪkɪŋ ˈfiːtʃə/ phrase	một điểm nổi bật A striking feature of the chart is the sudden drop in 2009.
rise sharply /ˌraɪz ˈʃɑːpli/ phrase	tăng mạnh The price of rice began to rise sharply after the floods of 2011.
increase steadily /ɪnˌkriːs ˈstedɪli/ phrase	tăng đều The number of online shoppers increased steadily throughout the decade.
level off /ˌlevl ˈɒf/ phr v	chững lại, đi ngang After rising for five years, unemployment levelled off at around six percent.
remain stable /rɪˌmeɪn ˈsteɪbl/ phrase	giữ ổn định Spending on clothing remained stable at roughly fifty dollars a month.
stabilise /ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/ v	ổn định lại The birth rate stabilised in the early 2000s after a long decline.
dip /dɪp/ n	sự giảm nhẹ (tạm thời) There was a slight dip in visitor numbers in 2015, followed by a recovery.
hit a low /ˌhɪt ə ˈləʊ/ phrase	chạm đáy Car sales hit a low of 20,000 units in 2009.
reach a peak /ˌriːtʃ ə ˈpiːk/ phrase	đạt đỉnh Electricity demand reached a peak of 45 gigawatts at 6 pm.
bottom out /ˌbɒtəm ˈaʊt/ phr v	chạm đáy rồi ngừng giảm House prices bottomed out in 2012 and then began to climb.
rocket /ˈrɒkɪt/ v	tăng vọt The number of electric cars rocketed from 2,000 to 90,000 in five years.
slump /slʌmp/ v	sụt giảm mạnh Exports slumped by thirty percent during the trade dispute.
marginal /ˈmɑːdʒɪnl/ adj	rất nhỏ, không đáng kể There was only a marginal increase in rail use between 2018 and 2019.
upward trend /ˌʌpwəd ˈtrend/ n	xu hướng tăng Fruit consumption showed a clear upward trend over the twenty years.
downward trend /ˌdaʊnwəd ˈtrend/ n	xu hướng giảm Newspaper sales followed a steady downward trend from 2005 onwards.
erratic /ɪˈrætɪk/ adj	thất thường Rainfall was erratic, with very wet months followed by dry ones.
is projected to /ɪz prəˈdʒektɪd tə/ phrase	được dự báo sẽ The population is projected to reach ten million by 2040.
it is estimated that /ɪt ɪz ˈestɪmeɪtɪd ðæt/ phrase	người ta ước tính rằng It is estimated that water use will double by the middle of the century.
the figure for /ðə ˈfɪɡə fɔː/ phrase	số liệu của The figure for Japan was considerably lower than that for Korea.
the proportion of /ðə prəˈpɔːʃn əv/ phrase	tỉ lệ của The proportion of students living at home increased to forty percent.
the vast majority /ðə ˌvɑːst məˈdʒɒrəti/ phrase	phần lớn, đại đa số The vast majority of respondents preferred working from home.
a small minority /ə ˌsmɔːl maɪˈnɒrəti/ phrase	một số ít Only a small minority of households owned a second car.
nearly half /ˌnɪəli ˈhɑːf/ phrase	gần một nửa Nearly half of all energy came from coal in 1990.
just over /ˌdʒʌst ˈəʊvə/ phrase	hơn một chút Just over a third of graduates found work within six months.
just under /ˌdʒʌst ˈʌndə/ phrase	gần (dưới một chút) Just under sixty percent of the land was used for farming.
two-thirds /ˌtuː ˈθɜːdz/ n	hai phần ba Two-thirds of the budget was spent on staff salaries.
twice as many /ˌtwaɪs əz ˈmeni/ phrase	nhiều gấp đôi Twice as many women as men enrolled on the nursing course.
outnumber /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə/ v	đông hơn, nhiều hơn về số lượng In 2020, female students outnumbered male students in medicine.
make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ phr v	chiếm, tạo thành Imports make up around a quarter of all the food consumed nationally.
in comparison /ɪn kəmˈpærɪsn/ phrase	so với, khi so sánh In comparison, spending on leisure rose only slightly.
in stark contrast /ɪn ˌstɑːk ˈkɒntrɑːst/ phrase	trái ngược hoàn toàn In stark contrast, rural areas saw their populations shrink.
the former /ðə ˈfɔːmə/ phrase	cái/người trước (được nhắc tới) Both trains and buses grew, but the former rose more quickly.
the latter /ðə ˈlætə/ phrase	cái/người sau (được nhắc tới) Tea and coffee were popular, although the latter cost much more.
followed by /ˈfɒləʊd baɪ/ phrase	tiếp theo là Germany had the highest output, followed by France and Italy.
the process begins with /ðə ˈprəʊses bɪˈɡɪnz wɪð/ phrase	quy trình bắt đầu với The process begins with the collection of used glass bottles.
in the first stage /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːst steɪdʒ/ phrase	ở giai đoạn đầu In the first stage, the cocoa beans are dried in the sun.
after which /ˌɑːftə ˈwɪtʃ/ phrase	sau đó (mệnh đề quan hệ) The milk is heated to 72°C, after which it is cooled rapidly.
is transported /ɪz trænˈspɔːtɪd/ phrase	được vận chuyển The finished cement is transported to building sites by lorry.
is filtered /ɪz ˈfɪltəd/ phrase	được lọc The rainwater is filtered to remove leaves and other debris.
is packaged /ɪz ˈpækɪdʒd/ phrase	được đóng gói Finally, the coffee is packaged and sent to supermarkets.
end product /ˈend ˌprɒdʌkt/ n	sản phẩm cuối cùng The end product is a fine white powder used in paper making.
in a cyclical manner /ɪn ə ˈsɪklɪkl ˈmænə/ phrase	theo chu trình lặp lại Water moves through the environment in a cyclical manner.
is fed into /ɪz ˈfed ɪntuː/ phrase	được đưa vào (máy) The crushed sugar cane is fed into a large boiler.
was replaced by /wəz rɪˈpleɪst baɪ/ phrase	được thay thế bởi The old factory was replaced by a shopping centre.
was converted into /wəz kənˈvɜːtɪd ˈɪntuː/ phrase	được chuyển đổi thành The railway station was converted into a museum in 1995.
was demolished /wəz dɪˈmɒlɪʃt/ phrase	bị phá dỡ The row of houses near the river was demolished to widen the road.
make way for /ˌmeɪk ˈweɪ fɔː/ phrase	nhường chỗ cho Several trees were cut down to make way for a new car park.
to the north of /tə ðə ˈnɔːθ əv/ phrase	ở phía bắc của A new school was built to the north of the main road.
adjacent to /əˈdʒeɪsnt tuː/ adj	liền kề, kế bên A sports field was added adjacent to the existing school.
overlooking /ˌəʊvəˈlʊkɪŋ/ prep	nhìn ra, hướng ra Luxury flats were built on the hill overlooking the harbour.
pedestrianised /pəˈdestriənaɪzd/ adj	được chuyển thành phố đi bộ The high street was pedestrianised and lined with trees.
redeveloped /ˌriːdɪˈveləpt/ adj	được tái phát triển, quy hoạch lại The redeveloped waterfront now includes shops and a marina.
farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n	đất nông nghiệp By 2010, much of the farmland had been turned into housing.
some people believe /sʌm ˈpiːpl bɪˈliːv/ phrase	một số người tin rằng Some people believe that university education should be free for everyone.
others argue /ˈʌðəz ˈɑːɡjuː/ phrase	những người khác lập luận Others argue that students should contribute to the cost of their studies.
this essay will discuss /ðɪs ˈeseɪ wɪl dɪˈskʌs/ phrase	bài luận này sẽ bàn về This essay will discuss both views before giving my own opinion.
both views /ˈbəʊθ vjuːz/ phrase	cả hai quan điểm Although both views have merit, I believe the first is more convincing.
on the one hand /ɒn ðə ˈwʌn hænd/ phrase	một mặt On the one hand, online learning is cheap and flexible.
the main reason /ðə ˌmeɪn ˈriːzn/ phrase	lý do chính The main reason for traffic congestion is the growth in car ownership.
another factor /əˌnʌðə ˈfæktə/ phrase	một yếu tố khác Another factor is the lack of affordable housing near city centres.
lead to /ˈliːd tuː/ phr v	dẫn đến A lack of exercise can lead to serious health problems later in life.
result in /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ phr v	gây ra, dẫn đến kết quả Building more roads often results in even more traffic.
contribute to /kənˈtrɪbjuːt tuː/ phr v	góp phần gây ra Fast food has contributed to rising obesity among teenagers.
bring about /ˌbrɪŋ əˈbaʊt/ phr v	mang lại, gây ra The internet has brought about huge changes in how people shop.
arise from /əˈraɪz frɒm/ phr v	nảy sinh từ Many health problems arise from poor working conditions.
a knock-on effect /ə ˈnɒk ɒn ɪˌfekt/ phrase	hiệu ứng dây chuyền Rising fuel prices have a knock-on effect on the cost of food.
a ripple effect /ə ˈrɪpl ɪˌfekt/ phrase	hiệu ứng lan tỏa The closure of the factory had a ripple effect on local shops.
root cause /ˌruːt ˈkɔːz/ n	nguyên nhân gốc rễ Poverty is often the root cause of crime in deprived areas.
adverse effect /ˌædvɜːs ɪˈfekt/ n	tác động bất lợi Spending too long online can have an adverse effect on sleep.
detrimental effect /ˌdetrɪˈmentl ɪˈfekt/ n	tác hại Noise pollution has a detrimental effect on children's concentration.
beneficial effect /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl ɪˈfekt/ n	tác động có lợi Green spaces have a beneficial effect on residents' mental health.
in the long term /ɪn ðə ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/ phrase	về lâu dài In the long term, investing in education reduces unemployment.
in the short term /ɪn ðə ˌʃɔːt ˈtɜːm/ phrase	trong ngắn hạn Raising taxes may be unpopular in the short term.
on a global scale /ɒn ə ˌɡləʊbl ˈskeɪl/ phrase	trên quy mô toàn cầu Plastic waste is a problem that must be tackled on a global scale.
at a local level /ət ə ˈləʊkl ˌlevl/ phrase	ở cấp địa phương Recycling schemes are often most effective at a local level.
one possible solution /ˌwʌn ˈpɒsəbl səˈluːʃn/ phrase	một giải pháp khả thi One possible solution is to offer tax breaks to companies that hire young people.
curb /kɜːb/ v	kiềm chế, hạn chế Strict laws are needed to curb the sale of junk food to children.
combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ v	chống lại, đấu tranh với Governments must work together to combat online fraud.
remedy /ˈremədi/ v	khắc phục Better public transport could remedy the shortage of parking spaces.
crack down on /ˌkræk ˈdaʊn ɒn/ phr v	trấn áp, xử lý mạnh tay Police should crack down on drivers who use their phones.
impose a ban on /ɪmˌpəʊz ə ˈbæn ɒn/ phrase	áp đặt lệnh cấm Some cities have imposed a ban on single-use plastic bags.
raise taxes on /ˌreɪz ˈtæksɪz ɒn/ phrase	tăng thuế đối với Raising taxes on sugary drinks could discourage people from buying them.
subsidise /ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz/ v	trợ cấp The government should subsidise public transport in rural areas.
public awareness campaign /ˌpʌblɪk əˈweənəs kæmˌpeɪn/ n	chiến dịch nâng cao nhận thức cộng đồng A public awareness campaign could teach people how to save water.
stricter regulations /ˌstrɪktə ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃnz/ phrase	quy định chặt chẽ hơn Stricter regulations on factory waste would protect local rivers.
tougher penalties /ˌtʌfə ˈpenəltiz/ phrase	hình phạt nặng hơn Tougher penalties for littering might keep the streets cleaner.
it is imperative that /ɪt ɪz ɪmˈperətɪv ðæt/ phrase	điều bắt buộc là It is imperative that governments act now to protect the oceans.
it is vital that /ɪt ɪz ˈvaɪtl ðæt/ phrase	điều tối quan trọng là It is vital that young people learn how to manage money.
should be encouraged to /ʃʊd biː ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒd tuː/ phrase	nên được khuyến khích Employees should be encouraged to cycle or walk to work.
a balanced approach /ə ˌbælənst əˈprəʊtʃ/ phrase	cách tiếp cận cân bằng A balanced approach combining education and regulation would work best.
the onus is on /ði ˈəʊnəs ɪz ɒn/ phrase	trách nhiệm thuộc về The onus is on parents to limit their children's screen time.
a step in the right direction /ə ˌstep ɪn ðə ˌraɪt dəˈrekʃn/ phrase	một bước đi đúng hướng Banning cars from the city centre would be a step in the right direction.
take, for instance, /ˌteɪk fər ˈɪnstəns/ phrase	lấy ví dụ như Take, for instance, Finland, where homework is kept to a minimum.
this is because /ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkɒz/ phrase	điều này là bởi vì This is because older workers often have more experience.
this means that /ðɪs ˈmiːnz ðæt/ phrase	điều này có nghĩa là This means that fewer students can afford to live near campus.
it is often argued that /ɪt ɪz ˌɒfn ˈɑːɡjuːd ðæt/ phrase	người ta thường lập luận rằng It is often argued that technology makes people less sociable.
outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/ v	lớn hơn, vượt trội hơn (về tầm quan trọng) In my view, the benefits of tourism clearly outweigh its costs.
counterargument /ˈkaʊntərɑːɡjumənt/ n	lập luận phản bác A strong essay should mention and answer a counterargument.
in summary /ɪn ˈsʌməri/ phrase	tóm lại In summary, the advantages of remote work outweigh the drawbacks.
to conclude /tə kənˈkluːd/ phrase	để kết luận To conclude, both governments and individuals must reduce waste.
for the reasons outlined above /fə ðə ˈriːznz ˌaʊtlaɪnd əˈbʌv/ phrase	vì những lý do nêu trên For the reasons outlined above, I strongly support free public transport.
wholeheartedly agree /ˌhəʊlˈhɑːtɪdli əˈɡriː/ phrase	hoàn toàn đồng ý I wholeheartedly agree that every child deserves a free education.
in today's society /ɪn təˌdeɪz səˈsaɪəti/ phrase	trong xã hội ngày nay In today's society, many young adults still live with their parents.
a growing number of /ə ˌɡrəʊɪŋ ˈnʌmbər əv/ phrase	ngày càng nhiều A growing number of people are choosing to work from home.
play a crucial role in /ˌpleɪ ə ˌkruːʃl ˈrəʊl ɪn/ phrase	đóng vai trò then chốt trong Parents play a crucial role in shaping their children's values.
have a vested interest in /ˌhæv ə ˌvestɪd ˈɪntrəst ɪn/ phrase	có lợi ích riêng trong Oil companies have a vested interest in slowing down climate laws.
go hand in hand /ˌɡəʊ ˌhænd ɪn ˈhænd/ phrase	đi đôi với nhau Economic growth and pollution often go hand in hand.
at the expense of /ət ði ɪkˈspens əv/ phrase	đánh đổi bằng, gây thiệt hại cho Some cities grew rapidly at the expense of the countryside.
with the advent of /wɪð ði ˈædvent əv/ phrase	cùng với sự ra đời của With the advent of smartphones, people read fewer printed newspapers.
be held accountable /biː ˌheld əˈkaʊntəbl/ phrase	phải chịu trách nhiệm Companies that pollute rivers should be held accountable for the damage.
raise living standards /ˌreɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ˌstændədz/ phrase	nâng cao mức sống Foreign investment can help raise living standards in poorer regions.
a drain on resources /ə ˌdreɪn ɒn rɪˈzɔːsɪz/ phrase	gánh nặng tiêu tốn nguồn lực Some argue that space programmes are a drain on public resources.
the pros and cons /ðə ˌprəʊz ən ˈkɒnz/ phrase	ưu và nhược điểm Before choosing a career, students should weigh up the pros and cons.
weigh up /ˌweɪ ˈʌp/ phr v	cân nhắc Governments must weigh up the costs before building new airports.