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⚖️ Luật & Hành chính · Từ vựng chuyên ngành · 150 từ

Pháp luật, tố tụng, hợp đồng, hành chính công, quyền và nghĩa vụ…

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law n	luật, pháp luật The new law takes effect on the first of July.
legislation n	pháp luật, văn bản pháp luật New legislation protects the rights of online consumers.
statute n	đạo luật, luật thành văn The statute sets a maximum penalty of five years in prison.
constitution n	hiến pháp Freedom of speech is guaranteed by the constitution.
regulation n	quy định, quy chế The factory must comply with all national fire safety regulations.
decree n	nghị định The government issued a decree on administrative penalties.
circular n	thông tư The ministry published a circular guiding the new tax rules.
bill n	dự luật The National Assembly is debating the land bill.
enact v	ban hành (luật) The parliament enacted a new labor code to protect workers.
amendment n	sửa đổi, bổ sung An amendment to the law raised the retirement age.
repeal v	bãi bỏ (luật) The government repealed the outdated licensing rule for small shops.
come into force phrase	có hiệu lực The new traffic rules come into force next month.
legal adj	hợp pháp; thuộc pháp lý You should get legal advice before signing any long-term contract.
illegal adj	bất hợp pháp Selling alcohol to anyone under eighteen is illegal in Vietnam.
legal entity n	pháp nhân The branch office is not a separate legal entity.
jurisdiction n	thẩm quyền xét xử, quyền tài phán The dispute falls under the jurisdiction of the provincial court.
court n	tòa án The case will be heard in court next week.
supreme court n	tòa án tối cao The supreme court overturned the decision of the lower court.
judge n	thẩm phán The judge postponed the trial until May because a witness was ill.
lawyer n	luật sư Her lawyer advised her not to sign the agreement.
attorney n	luật sư; người được ủy quyền The company’s attorney filed the court documents yesterday afternoon.
prosecutor n	công tố viên, kiểm sát viên The prosecutor asked for a sentence of ten years.
defendant n	bị cáo; bị đơn The defendant denied all the charges brought against him.
plaintiff n	nguyên đơn The plaintiff is seeking compensation for lost income.
witness n	nhân chứng, người làm chứng Two witnesses gave evidence about the accident at the hearing.
testimony n	lời khai, lời làm chứng Her testimony in court helped convict the driver who caused the crash.
evidence n	chứng cứ, bằng chứng Police found important new evidence at the scene of the robbery.
burden of proof n	nghĩa vụ chứng minh In criminal cases the burden of proof lies with the prosecution.
lawsuit n	vụ kiện The customers filed a lawsuit against the developer.
litigation n	tố tụng, kiện tụng The firm wants to avoid costly litigation by negotiating with the supplier.
sue v	kiện The supplier sued the company for unpaid invoices.
claim n	yêu cầu, đòi bồi thường The insurance company rejected the claim because the policy had expired.
trial n	phiên tòa, sự xét xử The fraud trial lasted three days and attracted wide media attention.
hearing n	phiên điều trần, phiên xét xử The next hearing in the land dispute is scheduled for October.
verdict n	phán quyết (của bồi thẩm/tòa) The court will deliver its verdict on Friday.
judgment n	bản án, quyết định của tòa The judgment requires the company to pay damages.
ruling n	phán quyết The ruling could affect thousands of similar cases.
sentence n	bản án, mức án He received a sentence of two years in prison.
appeal n	kháng cáo, kháng nghị The company has filed an appeal against the ruling.
acquit v	tuyên trắng án The jury acquitted the manager of fraud after a two-week trial.
convict v	kết án, tuyên có tội He was convicted of tax evasion and ordered to pay a large fine.
guilty adj	có tội She pleaded guilty to the charge of drunk driving.
innocent adj	vô tội Under the law, everyone is innocent until proven guilty in court.
presumption of innocence n	nguyên tắc suy đoán vô tội The presumption of innocence is a basic right of the accused.
crime n	tội phạm, tội ác Cyber crime targeting online banking customers is increasing rapidly.
offense n	hành vi vi phạm, tội Driving without a license is a criminal offense.
criminal law n	luật hình sự He has specialized in criminal law for more than fifteen years.
civil law n	luật dân sự Most contract disputes between companies are governed by civil law.
administrative law n	luật hành chính Administrative law sets clear rules for how agencies issue permits.
labor law n	luật lao động Under labor law, overtime must be paid at a higher rate.
commercial law n	luật thương mại The contract is subject to Vietnamese commercial law.
intellectual property n	sở hữu trí tuệ The company protects its intellectual property with patents.
copyright n	bản quyền, quyền tác giả The publisher holds the copyright to the book.
trademark n	nhãn hiệu They registered the company logo as a trademark in five countries.
patent n	bằng sáng chế The engineer applied for a patent on the new valve.
infringement n	sự vi phạm, xâm phạm The court found clear patent infringement by the rival manufacturer.
contract n	hợp đồng Both parties must sign the contract before work starts.
party n	bên (trong hợp đồng, vụ kiện) Both parties agreed to the new payment terms in the revised contract.
clause n	điều khoản The penalty clause applies if delivery is late.
terms and conditions n	điều khoản và điều kiện Please read the terms and conditions carefully before signing up.
breach of contract n	vi phạm hợp đồng The buyer sued the supplier for breach of contract after late delivery.
force majeure n	sự kiện bất khả kháng The flood was treated as force majeure under the contract.
compensation n	bồi thường The injured workers received compensation from the construction company.
damages n	tiền bồi thường thiệt hại The court awarded damages of two billion dong.
liability n	trách nhiệm pháp lý The company accepted full liability for the accident at the warehouse.
obligation n	nghĩa vụ Employers have an obligation to provide a safe workplace.
rights n	quyền Workers should know their rights under the labor code.
dispute n	tranh chấp The land dispute has lasted for ten years.
dispute resolution n	giải quyết tranh chấp The contract includes a clause on dispute resolution.
arbitration n	trọng tài (thương mại) The two companies agreed to settle the matter by arbitration.
mediation n	hòa giải Mediation helped the neighbors avoid going to court.
settlement n	sự dàn xếp, thỏa thuận giải quyết The parties reached a settlement shortly before the trial began.
notary n	công chứng viên The sales contract must be signed in front of a notary.
notarize v	công chứng You need to notarize the copy of your degree.
certified copy n	bản sao chứng thực Submit a certified copy of your identity card.
power of attorney n	giấy ủy quyền She gave her son power of attorney to manage the house.
inheritance n	thừa kế, di sản The siblings argued for years over the inheritance left by their father.
will n	di chúc He left the house to his daughter in his will.
land use rights n	quyền sử dụng đất The certificate of land use rights was issued last year.
property n	tài sản; bất động sản The bank seized the property after the loan was not repaid.
ownership n	quyền sở hữu These documents prove legal ownership of the vehicle.
lease n	hợp đồng thuê The company signed a five-year lease on the office.
marriage registration n	đăng ký kết hôn They completed marriage registration at the ward office.
birth certificate n	giấy khai sinh A copy of the birth certificate is required for school enrollment.
identity card n	căn cước, chứng minh nhân dân Bring your identity card when you visit the office.
household registration n	đăng ký hộ khẩu, cư trú Household registration is now managed in a national database.
residence permit n	thẻ tạm trú, giấy phép cư trú Foreign workers must apply for a residence permit.
work permit n	giấy phép lao động The engineer is waiting for his work permit.
business registration certificate n	giấy chứng nhận đăng ký doanh nghiệp Attach a copy of your business registration certificate.
license n	giấy phép The restaurant had its business license suspended for hygiene violations.
permit n	giấy phép (cụ thể) You need a construction permit to extend the house.
application n	đơn, hồ sơ đề nghị Submit your application before the end of the month.
dossier n	hồ sơ The dossier is incomplete and must be resubmitted.
administrative procedure n	thủ tục hành chính The province has simplified many administrative procedures for investors.
one-stop shop n	bộ phận một cửa Citizens can submit documents at the one-stop shop of the district.
public service n	dịch vụ công Many public services, such as tax filing, are now available online.
civil servant n	công chức She has worked as a civil servant for twenty years.
public official n	cán bộ, viên chức nhà nước Public officials must declare their assets every year.
ministry n	bộ (cơ quan nhà nước) The Ministry of Justice drafted the new law.
People’s Committee n	Ủy ban nhân dân The People’s Committee of the province approved the project.
National Assembly n	Quốc hội The National Assembly passed the revised Land Law.
government n	chính phủ The government announced new support for small businesses.
authority n	cơ quan có thẩm quyền; thẩm quyền Contact the local authority for a building permit.
competent authority n	cơ quan có thẩm quyền The license is issued by the competent authority.
state agency n	cơ quan nhà nước Every state agency must publish its procedures online.
decentralization n	phân cấp, phân quyền Decentralization gives provinces more control over their own budgets.
bureaucracy n	bộ máy quan liêu; thủ tục rườm rà Foreign investors often complain about too much bureaucracy in licensing.
public administration n	hành chính công He studied public administration before joining the ministry.
administrative reform n	cải cách hành chính Administrative reform has cut processing times in half.
policy n	chính sách The new policy supports farmers affected by floods.
official letter n	công văn The department sent an official letter requesting more information.
resolution n	nghị quyết The council adopted a resolution on budget allocation.
decision n	quyết định The minister signed a decision appointing the new director.
complaint n	khiếu nại Citizens can file a complaint about an administrative decision.
denunciation n	tố cáo The inspectorate received a written denunciation of corruption in the department.
inspection n	thanh tra, kiểm tra The tax inspection found several errors in the accounts.
compliance n	sự tuân thủ The bank hired a team to ensure compliance with new rules.
violation n	sự vi phạm The driver was fined for a traffic violation.
penalty n	hình phạt, chế tài Late tax payments carry a daily penalty on the amount owed.
fine n	tiền phạt The company paid a fine for polluting the river.
administrative sanction n	xử phạt vi phạm hành chính The shop faced an administrative sanction for selling fake goods.
corruption n	tham nhũng The campaign against corruption has led to many arrests.
bribery n	hối lộ The customs official was charged with bribery and abuse of power.
fraud n	gian lận, lừa đảo The director was arrested for fraud involving fake investment contracts.
tax evasion n	trốn thuế The company was investigated for tax evasion over a five-year period.
money laundering n	rửa tiền Banks must report transactions linked to money laundering.
investigation n	điều tra Police have opened an investigation into the fire.
arrest v	bắt giữ Police arrested two suspects at the airport early this morning.
suspect n	nghi phạm The suspect was released due to lack of evidence.
indictment n	cáo trạng The prosecutor issued an indictment against the three men.
prosecution n	truy tố; bên công tố After the investigation, the case was transferred for prosecution.
statute of limitations n	thời hiệu The claim was rejected because the statute of limitations had expired.
precedent n	án lệ, tiền lệ The court followed the precedent set in an earlier case.
legal aid n	trợ giúp pháp lý Poor households can receive legal aid from the state.
legal counsel n	tư vấn pháp lý; cố vấn pháp lý The company’s legal counsel reviewed the merger agreement.
memorandum of understanding n	biên bản ghi nhớ (MOU) The two provinces signed a memorandum of understanding on tourism.
minutes n	biên bản (cuộc họp) The secretary will circulate the minutes of the board meeting tomorrow.
seal n	con dấu The contract needs the company seal and the director’s signature.
signature n	chữ ký Electronic signatures are now legally valid for most commercial contracts.
validity n	hiệu lực, giá trị pháp lý The validity of the license is five years.
expire v	hết hạn Your work permit expires at the end of the year.
citizen n	công dân Every citizen has the right to vote at eighteen.
citizenship n	quốc tịch, quyền công dân He applied for Vietnamese citizenship after ten years.
human rights n	quyền con người The constitution guarantees the protection of human rights for all citizens.
election n	bầu cử Local elections for the people’s councils will be held next spring.
rule of law n	pháp quyền, thượng tôn pháp luật Foreign investors place great value on the rule of law.
contractual adj	thuộc hợp đồng, theo hợp đồng The supplier failed to meet its contractual obligations on delivery times.
custody n	sự tạm giữ, tạm giam; quyền nuôi con The suspect was held in custody while the police continued their investigation.
enforcement n	sự thi hành, thực thi Stricter enforcement of traffic laws has reduced road accidents in the city.
legal capacity n	năng lực hành vi dân sự, năng lực pháp lý Minors do not have full legal capacity to sign property contracts.