🔬 Khoa học & Môi trường · Từ vựng chuyên ngành · 150 từ
Biến đổi khí hậu, ô nhiễm, sinh thái, năng lượng, phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học…
🃏 Học bộ này bằng flashcard (miễn phí) →| climate change n | biến đổi khí hậu Climate change is causing more frequent floods in the Mekong Delta. |
| global warming n | sự nóng lên toàn cầu Scientists link global warming to the burning of fossil fuels. |
| greenhouse gas n | khí nhà kính Agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. |
| greenhouse effect n | hiệu ứng nhà kính Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be too cold for life. |
| carbon dioxide n | khí cacbonic (CO2) Forests absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide every year. |
| methane n | khí mê-tan Rice paddies release methane when the fields are flooded. |
| carbon footprint n | dấu chân carbon, lượng phát thải carbon Flying less is one way to reduce your carbon footprint. |
| emission n | khí thải, sự phát thải The factory must cut its sulphur emissions by half before 2030. |
| net zero n | phát thải ròng bằng 0 Vietnam has pledged to reach net zero by 2050. |
| carbon neutral adj | trung hòa carbon The company became carbon neutral by investing in reforestation. |
| carbon offset n | bù trừ carbon, tín chỉ bù đắp carbon The airline sells carbon offsets that fund mangrove planting. |
| carbon capture n | thu giữ carbon The power plant is testing carbon capture to store emissions underground. |
| fossil fuel n | nhiên liệu hóa thạch The country still relies on fossil fuels for most of its electricity. |
| renewable energy n | năng lượng tái tạo Investment in renewable energy has grown rapidly in Southeast Asia. |
| solar power n | điện mặt trời, năng lượng mặt trời Many farms in Ninh Thuan now generate solar power. |
| wind turbine n | tua-bin gió Offshore wind turbines can produce power even on cloudy days. |
| hydropower n | thủy điện Hydropower dams provide energy but can harm river ecosystems. |
| geothermal energy n | năng lượng địa nhiệt Iceland heats most of its homes with geothermal energy. |
| biofuel n | nhiên liệu sinh học Some buses in the city run on biofuel made from used cooking oil. |
| energy efficiency n | hiệu quả sử dụng năng lượng LED lighting greatly improves energy efficiency in offices. |
| pollution n | sự ô nhiễm Pollution from motorbikes is a major problem in Hanoi. |
| air quality n | chất lượng không khí The air quality index warned residents to stay indoors. |
| particulate matter n | bụi mịn, bụi hạt (PM) Particulate matter levels exceeded safe limits for three days. |
| smog n | khói mù, sương khói ô nhiễm Thick smog delayed flights and closed schools in the capital. |
| acid rain n | mưa axit Acid rain has damaged forests downwind of the coal plants. |
| contamination n | sự nhiễm bẩn, ô nhiễm Tests found arsenic contamination in several village wells. |
| pollutant n | chất gây ô nhiễm Nitrogen dioxide is a common pollutant from traffic. |
| toxic waste n | chất thải độc hại The company was fined for dumping toxic waste into the river. |
| hazardous waste n | chất thải nguy hại Hospitals must separate hazardous waste from ordinary rubbish. |
| wastewater n | nước thải All industrial wastewater must be treated before discharge. |
| sewage n | nước thải sinh hoạt, chất thải cống rãnh Untreated sewage from nearby houses flows directly into the canal. |
| landfill n | bãi chôn lấp rác The city's main landfill will reach full capacity next year. |
| recycling n | tái chế Recycling rates for plastic bottles remain disappointingly low. |
| waste management n | quản lý chất thải Better waste management could reduce plastic in the ocean. |
| microplastic n | vi nhựa Researchers found microplastics in the stomachs of most fish sampled. |
| single-use plastic n | nhựa dùng một lần Several provinces have banned single-use plastic bags in markets. |
| biodegradable adj | có thể phân hủy sinh học The restaurant switched to biodegradable straws made from rice. |
| compost n | phân hữu cơ, phân ủ Kitchen scraps are turned into compost for the school garden. |
| circular economy n | kinh tế tuần hoàn A circular economy keeps materials in use for as long as possible. |
| sustainability n | tính bền vững Sustainability is now a key factor in corporate decision-making. |
| sustainable development n | phát triển bền vững The conference focused on sustainable development in coastal cities. |
| ecosystem n | hệ sinh thái Mangroves form a rich ecosystem that protects the coastline. |
| biodiversity n | đa dạng sinh học The national park is famous for its exceptional biodiversity. |
| habitat n | môi trường sống Road construction has destroyed the habitat of many rare birds. |
| habitat loss n | mất môi trường sống Habitat loss is the main threat to the Javan rhino. |
| endangered species n | loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng The saola is one of the world's rarest endangered species. |
| extinction n | sự tuyệt chủng Overfishing has pushed some sharks close to extinction. |
| conservation n | sự bảo tồn Local communities play a key role in forest conservation. |
| deforestation n | nạn phá rừng Deforestation in the highlands has increased the risk of landslides. |
| reforestation n | tái trồng rừng The reforestation project planted one million trees in five years. |
| desertification n | sa mạc hóa Desertification increasingly threatens farmland and water supplies in the south-central provinces. |
| soil erosion n | xói mòn đất Terraced fields help prevent soil erosion on steep hillsides. |
| drought n | hạn hán The drought left thousands of hectares of rice without water. |
| saltwater intrusion n | xâm nhập mặn Saltwater intrusion has reduced rice yields in coastal districts. |
| sea level rise n | nước biển dâng Sea level rise could flood large parts of the delta by 2100. |
| extreme weather n | thời tiết cực đoan Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense. |
| natural disaster n | thiên tai The province prepared evacuation plans for natural disasters. |
| heatwave n | đợt nắng nóng The heatwave pushed temperatures above forty degrees for a week. |
| adaptation n | sự thích ứng Climate adaptation includes building higher dykes along the coast. |
| mitigation n | sự giảm nhẹ, giảm thiểu Mitigation focuses on cutting emissions at their source. |
| resilience n | khả năng chống chịu, phục hồi Mangrove restoration improves the resilience of coastal communities. |
| environmental impact assessment n | đánh giá tác động môi trường (ĐTM) The port cannot be built until the environmental impact assessment is approved. |
| ozone layer n | tầng ô-zôn The ozone layer is slowly recovering thanks to global agreements. |
| atmosphere n | khí quyển Carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. |
| ocean acidification n | axit hóa đại dương Ocean acidification makes it harder for corals to build skeletons. |
| coral bleaching n | hiện tượng tẩy trắng san hô Warm water caused widespread coral bleaching near Nha Trang. |
| glacier n | sông băng The glacier has shrunk by forty percent since 1980. |
| permafrost n | tầng băng vĩnh cửu Thawing permafrost releases methane trapped for thousands of years. |
| water scarcity n | khan hiếm nước Water scarcity affects billions of people during the dry season. |
| groundwater n | nước ngầm Over-extraction of groundwater is causing the city to sink. |
| watershed n | lưu vực sông Protecting the upper watershed keeps the reservoir clean. |
| wetland n | vùng đất ngập nước Tram Chim is a protected wetland home to the sarus crane. |
| mangrove n | rừng ngập mặn, cây đước Mangrove forests reduce wave energy and protect villages during storms. |
| food chain n | chuỗi thức ăn Pesticides can build up as they move up the food chain. |
| invasive species n | loài xâm lấn The golden apple snail is an invasive species that damages rice crops. |
| photosynthesis n | quá trình quang hợp During photosynthesis, leaves absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. |
| carbon cycle n | chu trình carbon Human activity has disrupted the natural carbon cycle. |
| water cycle n | vòng tuần hoàn nước Rising temperatures speed up the water cycle and intensify rainfall. |
| organism n | sinh vật The lake supports thousands of tiny organisms that feed the fish. |
| species n | loài Researchers discovered three new species of frog in the forest. |
| population n | quần thể, số lượng cá thể The tiger population in the reserve has slowly increased. |
| genetic diversity n | đa dạng di truyền Seed banks preserve the genetic diversity of traditional rice varieties. |
| evolution n | sự tiến hóa Island birds show clear evidence of evolution over time. |
| natural selection n | chọn lọc tự nhiên Natural selection explains why bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. |
| DNA n | ADN (axit deoxyribonucleic) DNA samples confirmed that the fish belonged to a new species. |
| gene n | gen Scientists identified the gene that makes the rice tolerate salt. |
| genetically modified adj | biến đổi gen (GMO) Genetically modified corn is grown widely in the Americas. |
| cell n | tế bào The microscope showed each cell dividing into two. |
| bacteria n | vi khuẩn Some bacteria can break down oil spills naturally. |
| molecule n | phân tử A water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. |
| atom n | nguyên tử Each carbon atom can form four chemical bonds. |
| compound n | hợp chất Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. |
| chemical reaction n | phản ứng hóa học Rust forms through a chemical reaction between iron and oxygen. |
| catalyst n | chất xúc tác Platinum acts as a catalyst in car exhaust systems. |
| concentration n | nồng độ The concentration of lead in the water exceeded safety limits. |
| solution n | dung dịch The technician prepared a salt solution for the experiment. |
| temperature n | nhiệt độ The samples must be stored at a temperature below four degrees. |
| pressure n | áp suất Water boils at a lower temperature under low pressure. |
| density n | mật độ, khối lượng riêng Oil floats because its density is lower than water. |
| velocity n | vận tốc The probe measured the velocity of the river current. |
| gravity n | trọng lực, lực hấp dẫn Gravity causes rainwater to flow down towards the valley. |
| radiation n | bức xạ Ultraviolet radiation can damage skin cells and the eyes of field workers. |
| nuclear energy n | năng lượng hạt nhân Nuclear energy produces little carbon but creates radioactive waste. |
| hypothesis n | giả thuyết Our hypothesis is that warmer water reduces fish growth. |
| experiment n | thí nghiệm The experiment was repeated three times to confirm the results. |
| variable n | biến số Temperature was the only variable changed between the two tanks. |
| control group n | nhóm đối chứng Plants in the control group received no fertiliser. |
| sample n | mẫu Water samples were collected from ten points along the river. |
| observation n | sự quan sát Field observation showed the birds feeding mainly at dawn. |
| measurement n | phép đo, số đo Accurate measurement of rainfall is essential for flood forecasting. |
| laboratory n | phòng thí nghiệm The soil samples were analysed in a certified laboratory. |
| microscope n | kính hiển vi Under the microscope, the algae looked like green threads. |
| specimen n | mẫu vật The museum keeps thousands of insect specimens collected over a century. |
| data n | dữ liệu Satellite data show a steady loss of forest cover. |
| peer review n | bình duyệt, phản biện đồng cấp The study passed peer review and was published in Nature. |
| scientific method n | phương pháp khoa học Students learn the scientific method by designing simple experiments. |
| theory n | lý thuyết, học thuyết The theory explains how continents move over millions of years. |
| empirical evidence n | bằng chứng thực nghiệm There is strong empirical evidence linking smoking to lung disease. |
| climate model n | mô hình khí hậu Climate models predict heavier rainfall in central Vietnam. |
| forecast n | dự báo The forecast warned of a strong typhoon later this week. |
| typhoon n | bão nhiệt đới, cơn bão The typhoon damaged thousands of homes along the central coast. |
| flash flood n | lũ quét A flash flood swept away the bridge in the mountain village. |
| landslide n | sạt lở đất Heavy rain triggered a landslide that blocked the highway. |
| earthquake n | động đất The earthquake measured 6.2 on the Richter scale. |
| natural resources n | tài nguyên thiên nhiên Overuse of natural resources threatens future economic growth. |
| non-renewable adj | không tái tạo được Coal is a non-renewable resource that will eventually run out. |
| overfishing n | đánh bắt quá mức Overfishing has reduced tuna stocks in the region. |
| pesticide n | thuốc trừ sâu, thuốc bảo vệ thực vật Excessive pesticide use has harmed bees in the area. |
| fertiliser n | phân bón Runoff from chemical fertiliser causes algae blooms in lakes. |
| runoff n | dòng chảy bề mặt, nước chảy tràn Agricultural runoff carries nitrates from the fields into the river. |
| algal bloom n | hiện tượng tảo nở hoa An algal bloom turned the lake green and killed many fish. |
| organic farming n | nông nghiệp hữu cơ Organic farming gradually improves soil health and reduces chemical pollution. |
| emissions trading n | mua bán phát thải, giao dịch tín chỉ carbon Emissions trading gives companies a financial reason to cut pollution. |
| carbon tax n | thuế carbon A carbon tax would make coal power more expensive than solar. |
| environmental regulation n | quy định về môi trường Stricter environmental regulation forced the mill to install filters. |
| eco-friendly adj | thân thiện với môi trường The hotel uses eco-friendly cleaning products in every room. |
| green technology n | công nghệ xanh Government grants support local start-ups developing green technology for farms. |
| electric vehicle n | xe điện Electric vehicle sales doubled in the country last year. |
| energy storage n | lưu trữ năng lượng Battery energy storage helps balance supply from solar farms. |
| life cycle assessment n | đánh giá vòng đời sản phẩm (LCA) A life cycle assessment showed glass bottles have a higher footprint. |
| ecological footprint n | dấu chân sinh thái Wealthy nations have a much larger ecological footprint per person. |
| carrying capacity n | sức tải, sức chứa môi trường Tourist numbers exceeded the carrying capacity of the small island. |
| indicator species n | loài chỉ thị Mayflies are an indicator species for clean river water. |
| bioaccumulation n | tích lũy sinh học Bioaccumulation of mercury makes large fish unsafe to eat often. |
| environmental monitoring n | quan trắc môi trường Environmental monitoring stations report air data every hour. |
| remote sensing n | viễn thám Remote sensing helps track illegal logging in protected forests. |
| protected area n | khu bảo tồn, khu vực được bảo vệ Hunting is strictly forbidden inside the protected area. |
| environmental degradation n | suy thoái môi trường Rapid industrialisation has led to serious environmental degradation in some regions. |
| urban heat island n | hiệu ứng đảo nhiệt đô thị Green roofs can reduce the urban heat island effect in dense cities. |
| aquifer n | tầng chứa nước ngầm The aquifer beneath the city is being drained faster than it refills. |
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