🏙️ Cities & Transport · IELTS Vocabulary by Topic · 12 words

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urbanisation /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n	the process in which more people move to live in towns and cities Rapid urbanisation has put pressure on housing and transport.
congestion /kənˈdʒestʃən/ n	the state of being crowded and full of traffic A congestion charge has reduced traffic in the city centre.
infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ n	the basic systems and services such as transport and power supplies The government must invest more in rural infrastructure.
commuter /kəˈmjuːtə(r)/ n	a person who travels into a city to work each day Trains are packed with commuters during rush hour.
pedestrian /pəˈdestriən/ n	a person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle Turning the main street into a pedestrian zone revived local shops.
residential /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ adj	suitable for living in; consisting of houses Factories should not be built close to residential areas.
overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ adj	with too many people or things in it Overcrowded cities suffer from poor air quality.
amenity /əˈmiːnəti/ n	a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in New housing estates often lack basic amenities such as parks and shops.
suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ n	an area where people live that is outside the centre of a city Many families move to the suburbs for more space.
public transport /ˌpʌblɪk ˈtrænspɔːt/ n	the system of buses, trains, etc. provided for people to travel Investing in public transport is the key to reducing air pollution.
housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n	buildings for people to live in The lack of affordable housing forces young people to live with their parents.
sprawl /sprɔːl/ n	a large area covered with buildings that spreads from the city into the countryside Urban sprawl is destroying valuable farmland.