5️⃣ Awl5 · Academic Word List (AWL) · 60 words

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academy /əˈkædəmi/ n	a school or college for special training, or a society of scholars She trained at a national academy of music.
adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ v	to change something slightly, or to get used to a new situation International students need time to adjust to a new culture.
alter /ˈɔːltə(r)/ v	to change something, usually slightly Climate change is altering the migration patterns of birds.
amend /əˈmend/ v	to make changes to a law or document The law was amended to protect online consumers.
aware /əˈweə(r)/ adj	knowing that something exists or is happening Consumers are increasingly aware of environmental issues.
capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n	the amount something can hold, or the ability to do something Many hospitals are operating at full capacity.
challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n	something difficult that tests ability An ageing population presents a major challenge for healthcare.
clause /klɔːz/ n	a section of a legal document, or a group of words with a verb The contract includes a clause on early termination.
compound /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ n	a substance formed from two or more elements Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n	a serious disagreement or fighting Armed conflict has displaced millions of people.
consult /kənˈsʌlt/ v	to ask for advice or information Residents were not consulted about the new development.
contact /ˈkɒntækt/ n	communication or physical touch between people or things Regular contact with nature improves wellbeing.
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v	to become less or worse, or to politely refuse Birth rates have declined steadily since the 1970s.
discrete /dɪˈskriːt/ adj	separate and clearly different The process can be divided into four discrete stages.
draft /drɑːft/ n	an early version of a document The first draft of the report was sent for review.
enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ v	to make it possible for someone to do something The internet enables people to work from anywhere.
energy /ˈenədʒi/ n	power from sources such as electricity or fuel, or physical strength Renewable energy now supplies a third of the country's electricity.
enforce /ɪnˈfɔːs/ v	to make sure that a law or rule is obeyed Speed limits are rarely enforced on rural roads.
entity /ˈentəti/ n	something that exists separately and independently The two companies remain separate legal entities.
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ adj	equal in value, amount or meaning A degree from abroad may not be treated as equivalent.
evolve /iˈvɒlv/ v	to develop gradually over time Language constantly evolves to reflect social change.
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v	to become or make larger The company plans to expand into Asian markets.
expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v	to put someone in contact with something harmful, or to reveal it Workers were exposed to dangerous chemicals.
external /ɪkˈstɜːnl/ adj	coming from or existing outside The company hired external consultants to review its finances.
facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v	to make an action or process easier Good transport links facilitate trade between regions.
fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ adj	forming the basic and most important part Education is a fundamental human right.
generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v	to produce or cause something Tourism generates a large share of national income.
generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n	all the people born around the same time Younger generations are more comfortable with technology.
image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n	a picture, or the general impression people have of something The scandal damaged the company's public image.
liberal /ˈlɪbərəl/ adj	respecting different views and supporting individual freedom The country has relatively liberal immigration laws.
licence /ˈlaɪsns/ n	an official document giving permission to do or own something Taxi drivers must hold a special licence.
logic /ˈlɒdʒɪk/ n	a sensible way of thinking or reasoning There is little logic in cutting education spending during a recession.
margin /ˈmɑːdʒɪn/ n	the difference between two amounts, or an edge The proposal was rejected by a narrow margin.
medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj	relating to medicine and treating illness Advances in medical science have increased life expectancy.
mental /ˈmentl/ adj	relating to the mind Social media may affect the mental health of young people.
modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ v	to change something slightly to improve it The design was modified to reduce energy use.
monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ v	to watch and check something over a period of time Air quality is monitored continuously in major cities.
network /ˈnetwɜːk/ n	a system of connected people, lines or computers The city has an extensive network of cycle paths.
notion /ˈnəʊʃn/ n	an idea or belief about something The study challenges the notion that money brings happiness.
objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ n	something you plan to achieve The main objective of the policy is to cut emissions.
orient /ˈɔːrient/ v	to direct something towards a particular aim or group The course is oriented towards practical skills.
perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n	a particular way of thinking about something From an economic perspective, the plan makes sense.
precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj	exact and accurate in detail The precise cause of the disease remains unknown.
prime /praɪm/ adj	main or most important; of the best quality Cost is a prime consideration for most consumers.
psychology /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n	the scientific study of the mind and behaviour Research in psychology shows that rewards boost motivation.
pursue /pəˈsjuː/ v	to try to achieve something over a period of time More women are pursuing careers in engineering.
ratio /ˈreɪʃiəʊ/ n	the relationship between two amounts expressed as numbers The ratio of teachers to students is one to twenty.
reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ v	to refuse to accept or agree to something The committee rejected the proposal on financial grounds.
revenue /ˈrevənjuː/ n	income received by a government or company Tax revenue fell sharply during the recession.
stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj	firmly fixed or not likely to change Prices remained stable for most of the year.
style /staɪl/ n	a particular way of doing something Different teaching styles suit different learners.
substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ n	something used instead of another thing Online lessons are no substitute for face-to-face teaching.
sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v	to keep something going over a long period The planet cannot sustain current levels of consumption.
symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n	a sign or object that represents something The tower has become a symbol of the city.
target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ n	a result you are trying to achieve The government missed its target for reducing emissions.
transit /ˈtrænzɪt/ n	the process of moving people or goods from one place to another Some goods were damaged in transit.
trend /trend/ n	a general direction of change The graph shows an upward trend in car ownership.
version /ˈvɜːʃn/ n	a form of something slightly different from others An updated version of the software was released last month.
welfare /ˈwelfeə(r)/ n	health, happiness and safety, or state help for people in need Spending on welfare has risen with the ageing population.
whereas /ˌweərˈæz/ conj	used to compare or contrast two facts Men tend to overestimate their abilities, whereas women underestimate them.