1️⃣ Awl1 · Academic Word List (AWL) · 60 words

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analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ v	to examine something in detail to understand it Researchers analysed data from over 2,000 households.
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n	a way of dealing with a problem or situation A more holistic approach to healthcare could reduce long-term costs.
area /ˈeəriə/ n	a part of a place, or a particular subject or field of activity Rural areas often lack access to specialist medical services.
assess /əˈses/ v	to judge the quality, value or importance of something The study assessed the impact of social media on teenage sleep patterns.
assume /əˈsjuːm/ v	to accept something as true without proof Many economists assume that consumers always act rationally.
authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n	the power to give orders, or an official organisation with that power Local authorities are responsible for collecting household waste.
available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj	able to be obtained, used or reached Reliable figures are not yet available for most developing countries.
benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n	an advantage or helpful effect that something gives The health benefits of regular exercise are well documented.
concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n	a general idea or principle The concept of sustainability has become central to urban planning.
consist /kənˈsɪst/ v	to be made up of particular parts or members The sample consisted of 300 university students aged 18 to 25.
constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ v	to form or be considered as something Women constitute nearly half of the global workforce.
context /ˈkɒntekst/ n	the situation or background in which something happens These results must be interpreted in their historical context.
contract /ˈkɒntrækt/ n	a formal written agreement between people or organisations Many young workers are employed on short-term contracts.
create /kriˈeɪt/ v	to make something new happen or exist Investment in renewable energy could create thousands of new jobs.
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n	facts or information collected for analysis The data suggest a strong link between income and life expectancy.
define /dɪˈfaɪn/ v	to state exactly what something means or is Poverty is defined here as earning less than two dollars a day.
derive /dɪˈraɪv/ v	to get something from a particular source Much of the country's income is derived from tourism.
distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ v	to share or spread something among people or places Food aid was distributed to over a million refugees.
economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n	the system by which a country produces and uses goods and money The global economy grew more slowly than expected last year.
environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n	the natural world, or the conditions in which people live and work Industrial waste continues to damage the marine environment.
establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ v	to start something lasting, or to prove that something is true The university was established in 1890 to train engineers.
estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v	to calculate an approximate amount or value It is estimated that 40% of food produced is wasted.
evident /ˈevɪdənt/ adj	clear and easy to see or understand The effects of climate change are already evident in coastal regions.
export /ˈekspɔːt/ n	the sale of goods to another country, or a product sold abroad Coffee remains the country's main export.
factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n	one of the things that cause or influence a situation Diet is a key factor in preventing heart disease.
finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ n	the management of money, or money used to fund something The project failed due to a lack of finance.
formula /ˈfɔːmjələ/ n	a fixed rule or set of symbols used to calculate or achieve something There is no simple formula for economic success.
function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ n	the purpose or role that something has The main function of the liver is to filter the blood.
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v	to recognise or find out who or what something is The report identifies three main causes of youth unemployment.
income /ˈɪnkʌm/ n	money received regularly from work or investments Households on low incomes spend a larger share on food.
indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v	to show or suggest that something is true Recent surveys indicate a decline in public trust.
individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ n	a single person considered separately from a group Each individual has the right to privacy.
interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprət/ v	to explain or understand the meaning of something The results can be interpreted in several different ways.
involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v	to include something as a necessary part, or take part in it The experiment involved 120 volunteers over six months.
issue /ˈɪʃuː/ n	an important topic that people discuss or argue about Housing affordability is a major issue in large cities.
labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n	work, especially physical work, or workers as a group Cheap labour attracted many manufacturers to the region.
legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj	connected with or allowed by the law Companies have a legal obligation to protect customer data.
legislate /ˈledʒɪsleɪt/ v	to make a law about something Several governments have legislated against single-use plastics.
major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj	very large or important Air pollution is a major cause of respiratory illness.
method /ˈmeθəd/ n	a particular way of doing something Traditional teaching methods are being replaced by online learning.
occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v	to happen, especially without being planned Most road accidents occur within five miles of home.
percent /pəˈsent/ n	one part in every hundred Over sixty percent of respondents supported the proposal.
period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n	a particular length of time Sales rose steadily over the period from 2010 to 2020.
policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n	a plan of action agreed by a government or organisation The government introduced a new policy on immigration.
principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n	a basic rule or belief that guides behaviour or explains something Equality is a fundamental principle of democracy.
proceed /prəˈsiːd/ v	to continue or to move on to the next stage The construction will proceed once funding is approved.
process /ˈprəʊses/ n	a series of actions taken to achieve a result Learning a language is a gradual process.
require /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ v	to need something, or to make it necessary Most jobs now require basic computer skills.
research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n	careful study to discover new facts or information Recent research shows that sleep improves memory.
respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ v	to reply or react to something Patients responded well to the new treatment.
role /rəʊl/ n	the function or position someone or something has Parents play a crucial role in a child's education.
section /ˈsekʃn/ n	one of the parts into which something is divided The final section of the report presents recommendations.
sector /ˈsektə(r)/ n	a part of a country's economy or business activity Employment in the service sector has grown rapidly.
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj	large or important enough to have an effect or be noticed There was a significant increase in online shopping during the pandemic.
similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj	almost the same as something else Similar trends were observed in other European countries.
source /sɔːs/ n	the place or thing that something comes from Solar power is a clean source of energy.
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj	relating to one particular thing; exact The programme is designed to meet the specific needs of older learners.
structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n	the way the parts of something are organised The social structure of the village changed after industrialisation.
theory /ˈθɪəri/ n	a set of ideas intended to explain something Darwin's theory of evolution transformed biology.
vary /ˈveəri/ v	to be different in different situations House prices vary considerably from region to region.